Physicists have discovered four fundamental forces of the universe that are exercised both on the immense scale of the cosmos and the infinitesimal one of the atomic structures. They govern everything we see around us.
Since specialists cannot really explain the origin or initial development of the universe, should not you look for this explanation elsewhere? In fact, there are good reasons to consider some factors that many do not consider when they can really shed light on this topic. These factors include the precise parameters of the four fundamental forces of the universe that govern the properties and modifications of matter. The mere mention of “fundamental forces” may make some people hesitate, thinking that they are dealing with a field reserved for physicists. In fact, these basic notions deserve attention because they affect our lives.
If these four fundamental forces at work in the universe were not finely regulated with elements as indispensable to life as carbon, oxygen, and iron, for example, would not exist.
In truth, the discoveries of the four fundamental physical forces are facts that preach in favor of a beginning; these facts testify that the world does not have the fruit of a chance and consequently show the insufficiencies of the theory of evolution or the big bang. As eloquent and revealing, these facts prove not only that there is a Creator God but also that He directs, controls, and governs the universe as a whole. In spite of what men can deny, God continues to watch over His creation and holds the reins and the depths of the universe and life on earth.
In this article, we will simply discuss the four fundamental physical forces; and see just a sample of how they were tuned with extraordinary precision…
I – Four Fundamental Forces of the Universe?
We distinguish four fundamental forces, including two forces of attraction (the force of gravitation and the magnetic force) and two nuclear forces (the strong interaction and the weak interaction).
1. Gravitation or Gravitational Force
Gravitation is one of the four fundamental forces of the universe. It is a very weak force on the atomic scale. It affects large objects, such as planets, stars, and galaxies.
Gravitation is a physical interaction that causes the attraction of bodies as a result of their mass. It is she who keeps us on Earth, preventing us from flying into space.
Gravitation is one of the fundamental forces of physics. It corresponds to the mutual attraction exerted between two bodies of non-zero masses.
It is to Isaac Newton that we owe the first formulation of the force of gravitation at the base of mechanics, in other words, of the science of motion.
One could speak of the universal law of gravitation, which according to Wikipedia: The universal law of gravitation or law of universal attraction, discovered by Isaac Newton, is the law describing gravitation as a force responsible for the fall of bodies and movement of celestial bodies, and in general, of the attraction between bodies having a mass, for example, planets, natural or artificial satellites.
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Discovered in the XVII century by Isaac Newton, this attractive force (gravitational force) acts on all masses. The weakest of the four forces of nature but also the one with the greatest range, it acts on the whole universe, it is the glue of the cosmos. The intensity of this force depends on the mass of the object. It is only at the astronomical scale that the gravity is really felt, in huge masses like that of the Earth (6×1027 grams), the Sun (1033 grams), a galaxy (1044 grams), a cluster of galaxies (1047 grams), or the entire universe.
2. Electromagnetic Force or Electromagnetism
It is the main attraction force between protons and electrons; it allows the formation of molecules. Lightning is one of its manifestations.
According to Wikipedia, electromagnetism is the branch of physics that studies the interactions between electrically charged particles, whether at rest or in motion and more generally the effects of electricity, using the notion of the electromagnetic field. It is also possible to define electromagnetism as the study of the electromagnetic field and its interaction with charged particles.
One could mention the electromagnetic force. Lorentz force, or electromagnetic force, is the force experienced by a charged particle in an electromagnetic field.
This is the main manifestation of the electromagnetic interaction. The Lorentz force, applied in various situations, induces all the observed electrical and magnetic interactions; it is therefore mainly studied in physics and chemistry.
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This force (electromagnetic force), much greater than the force of gravity, acts only on the charged particles, either positively like the protons, or negatively like the electrons. It forms the atoms by attaching the electrons to the nuclei, but it does not stop there. It bonds the atoms by forcing them to share their electrons to form the molecules. It still pushes molecules to combine in turn into long chains, the highest expression of these chains is the DNA that allows life.
3. The Strong Interaction
It is the force that binds together the protons and the neutrons in the nucleus of the atoms. Strong interaction, or strong force, sometimes called color force, is one of the three interactions of the standard model alongside electromagnetic interaction and weak interaction.
An effect derived from the strong force is responsible for the cohesion of the nucleons (protons and neutrons) within the nucleus of the atom, the nuclear force.
Another derivative effect is the very cohesion of the atomic nucleus, the nuclear bond.
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It is the one that cements the nucleons in the nuclei. It is also the one that associates the quarks 3 by 3 inside the nucleons and gives birth to nuclear energy. 1 gram of nuclear fuel = 1 ton of dynamite. It (strong nuclear force) acts at a distance of 10-13 cm, it is 100 times stronger than the electromagnetic force and acts only on massive particles like the proton and the neutron with a weight of 10-24 grams. The mass of a proton is equal to 1836 times the mass of the electron.
4. The Weak Interaction
It is the force that governs the disintegration of the radioactive elements and ensures the efficiency of the thermonuclear activity of the sun.
The weak interaction (also called weak force and sometimes weak nuclear force) is one of the four fundamental interactions of nature, the other three being electromagnetic, nuclear strong and gravitational interactions.
It is responsible for the radioactive decay of subatomic particles and is at the origin of nuclear fusion in stars. It affects all categories of known fermions, starting with electrons, quarks, and neutrinos.
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It allows neutrons to transform into protons and vice versa when conditions are favorable: during beta radioactivity, a neutron disintegrates, giving rise to a proton; an electron and an antineutrino are then emitted. It does not act on immortal particles like the electron, the photon, and the neutrino. Although stronger than gravity, it is 1000 times weaker than the electromagnetic force. It (weak nuclear force) has an influence only on a distance of 10-16 cm. It was in 1896, by chance that the French physicist Henri Becquerel discovered this process of disintegration, on a photographic plate.
II – The Precise Adjustment of the Four Fundamental Forces of the Universe
Our existence requires the precision of the four fundamental physical forces in their setting.
1. The Forces of Attraction
Astronomers have indeed discovered a remarkable fact: bypassing the galactic light through a prism, they observed that the light waves stretched, a sign of a distance at high speed. The further a galaxy is from the earth, the faster it seems to move away from it. This is an indication that the universe is expanding.
You do not have to be a professional astronomer, or even an amateur, to understand that an expanding universe would mean a lot about our past, but perhaps about our future as well. Something had to start the process, a force colossal enough to overcome the gravitation of the entire universe. There is a reason to ask: “What could be the source of this energy?”
*** An Intelligence Behind the Scene
This phenomenon implies more than a prodigious source of energy. Intention and Intelligence should be at work, as the speed of expansion seems to be regulated very precisely. “If the universe had grown one-millionth of a millionth faster,” explains Professor Bernard Lovell, “all the matter in the Universe would be scattered today. And if [speed] had been a millionth Millionth slower, the gravitational forces would have caused the collapse of the Universe itself. Again, there would have been no long-lived stars, no life. ”
To preserve the movement and the good functioning of the planets and the stars, let us say of the whole universe, the gravitational force and its activities are meticulously regulated.
*** We Have Already Mentioned: The Gravitational Force. The Second Is the Electromagnetic Force
If it were much weaker, the electrons would not be held around the nucleus of the atom. ‘Would it be embarrassing? Some will ask. Yes, because then atoms could not combine to form molecules.
Conversely, if the electromagnetic force was much stronger, the electrons would be captured by the nucleus of the atom, which would prohibit any chemical reaction between the atoms and thus all life.
Thus, it is clear that life in general and our existence in particular, depend on the precise setting of the electromagnetic force.
*** Let’s See What Happens on the Cosmic Scale
A slight difference in the intensity of the electromagnetic force would have consequences on the solar activity and therefore on the light reaching the earth, which would make photosynthesis difficult, if not impossible. It would also deprive the water of its special properties that make it essential for life. Again, therefore, it is the fine-tuning of the electromagnetic force that makes the difference between the presence and absence of life.
*** Another Equally Important Factor Is the Intensity of the Electromagnetic Force in Relation to the Other Three Forces
Physicists have calculated that it is 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (1040) times stronger than gravitation. It may seem insignificant to add a zero to this number (1041). But that would mean that the gravitation would be proportionally weaker; Professor Reinhard Breuer explains what would result: “With lower gravitation, the stars would be smaller, and the internal gravitational pressure would not be high enough to allow nuclear fusion reactions not shine.” You can easily imagine what it would mean for us.
*** The Setting Is Exact
What would it be if we reduced this number of a zero (1039), in other words, if the gravitation was proportionally stronger? According to Professor Breuer, “such a small change would be enough to significantly reduce the life of a star like a sun”. Other scientists believe that this setting would be even more precise.
The sun belongs to a category of stars that have two remarkable characteristics: they burn a long time and are stable. Let’s take a simple example: for a good car engine, fuel and air must be mixed in precise proportions; Engineers also design sophisticated computer systems and systems to optimize performance.
If this is so for a simple engine, what about the performance of the “boilers” that are the stars like our sun?
The main forces at work are adjusted with great precision, adjusted ideally to allow life. Is this precision the mere fact of chance or the fact of the intervention of the human hand? Oh no, there is no question!
The very precise setting of the forces reacts solar activity allows the earth to experience ideal conditions for life.
2 – The Two Nuclear Forces
The structure of the universe does not depend only on the proper regulation of gravitation and electromagnetic force. Two other physical forces intervene in our life.
These two forces are exerted within the nucleus of atoms; they testify eloquently of deliberate design.
Consider the strong interaction between the protons and the neutrons in the nucleus of atoms. This cohesion allows the formation of various elements: some light, such as helium and oxygen, others heavy, such as gold and lead. It seems that if this cohesive force was only 2% lower, only hydrogen would exist. Conversely, if it were a little stronger, only heavier elements would be present, but not hydrogen. Would it affect our life? In fact, without hydrogen, the sun would be deprived of the fuel that allows it to produce the energy needed for life. On the other hand, we would obviously have no water or food, since hydrogen is a basic component.
The fourth force, weak interaction, governs radioactive decay. It is also involved in the thermonuclear activity of the sun. ‘Is it set accurately? ‘You may ask yourself. Let the mathematician and physicist Freeman Dyson answer: “[The weak interaction] is a million times weaker than the nuclear force, it’s just weak enough for the hydrogen of the sun to burn at a slow, steady rate interaction was much weaker or much stronger, again any form of life dependent on a star like a sun could not have emerged. ”
*** The Burning Speed of the Sun Is Exactly the One to Heat the Earth Without Charring It, and Keep Us Alive.
Scientists also believe that weak interaction plays a role in supernova explosions, which they regard as the mechanism for the fabrication and diffusion of most chemical elements. “If these nuclear forces were in some way slightly different from what they are, the stars would be unable to manufacture the elements of which you and I are composed,” says physicist John Polkinghorne.
As a Conclusion on Fundamental Forces of the Universe
One could say many more things, but no doubt you have understood the essential: these four fundamental forces of the universe are adjusted with astonishing precision. “All around us, we seem to see evidence that the universe has made the best choice,” wrote Professor Paul Davies. It is, in fact, the precise setting of the fundamental forces that hold the existence and the activity of our sun, our beautiful planet with its essential water for life, our equally vital atmosphere, and a vast range of precious terrestrial chemical elements.
The precise adjustment of the four fundamental forces of the universe is proof not only of the intention and work of a Creator but also of his power, intelligence, and wisdom.